12 Intangible assets

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CHANGES IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2017

€ million

 

Brand names

 

Goodwill

 

Capitalized development costs for products under development

 

Capitalized development costs for products currently in use

 

Other intangible assets

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2017

 

17,024

 

23,559

 

7,285

 

27,366

 

8,637

 

83,870

Foreign exchange differences

 

−30

 

−91

 

−44

 

−183

 

−192

 

−539

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

−18

 

 

 

−112

 

−130

Additions

 

 

 

4,080

 

1,180

 

528

 

5,788

Transfers

 

 

 

−4,197

 

4,197

 

−7

 

−7

Disposals

 

 

7

 

10

 

3,607

 

266

 

3,890

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017

 

16,995

 

23,443

 

7,115

 

28,952

 

8,588

 

85,093

Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2017

 

84

 

0

 

39

 

15,040

 

6,109

 

21,271

Foreign exchange differences

 

−3

 

0

 

0

 

−122

 

−138

 

−263

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

0

 

 

 

−84

 

−84

Additions to cumulative amortization

 

3

 

 

 

3,345

 

831

 

4,178

Additions to cumulative impairment losses

 

 

7

 

57

 

332

 

1

 

397

Transfers

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

2

Disposals

 

 

7

 

 

3,595

 

226

 

3,827

Reversal of impairment losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017

 

83

 

0

 

95

 

14,999

 

6,496

 

21,674

Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2017

 

16,911

 

23,442

 

7,020

 

13,953

 

2,093

 

63,419

  (XLS:) Download

CHANGES IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2018

€ million

 

Brand names

 

Goodwill

 

Capitalized development costs for products under development

 

Capitalized development costs for products currently in use

 

Other intangible assets

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2018

 

16,995

 

23,443

 

7,115

 

28,952

 

8,588

 

85,093

Foreign exchange differences

 

−43

 

−131

 

−20

 

−125

 

−103

 

−421

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

6

 

 

0

 

12

 

18

Additions

 

 

 

4,192

 

1,042

 

581

 

5,815

Transfers

 

 

 

−4,040

 

4,040

 

41

 

41

Disposals

 

 

 

32

 

1,890

 

127

 

2,049

Balance at Dec. 31, 2018

 

16,952

 

23,318

 

7,215

 

32,020

 

8,992

 

88,496

Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2018

 

83

 

0

 

95

 

14,999

 

6,496

 

21,674

Foreign exchange differences

 

−2

 

0

 

−1

 

−55

 

−79

 

−137

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

0

 

0

 

 

−1

 

−1

Additions to cumulative amortization

 

3

 

 

 

3,665

 

669

 

4,337

Additions to cumulative impairment losses

 

 

 

3

 

41

 

13

 

57

Transfers

 

 

 

−15

 

15

 

1

 

1

Disposals

 

 

 

 

1,897

 

109

 

2,005

Reversal of impairment losses

 

 

 

42

 

 

0

 

42

Balance at Dec. 31, 2018

 

84

 

1

 

42

 

16,768

 

6,989

 

23,883

Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2018

 

16,868

 

23,317

 

7,173

 

15,251

 

2,003

 

64,613

Other intangible assets comprise in particular concessions, purchased customer lists and dealer relationships, industrial and similar rights, and licenses in such rights and assets.

The allocation of the brand names and goodwill to the operating segments is shown in the following table:

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€ million

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

 

 

Brand names by operating segment

 

 

 

 

Porsche

 

13,823

 

13,823

Scania Vehicles and Services

 

949

 

990

MAN Truck & Bus

 

1,127

 

1,127

MAN Diesel & Turbo

 

415

 

415

Ducati

 

404

 

404

Other

 

150

 

153

 

 

16,868

 

16,911

Goodwill by operating segment

 

 

 

 

Porsche

 

18,825

 

18,825

Scania Vehicles and Services

 

2,755

 

2,866

MAN Truck & Bus

 

587

 

595

MAN Diesel & Turbo

 

267

 

268

Ducati

 

290

 

290

ŠKODA

 

158

 

159

Porsche Holding Salzburg

 

156

 

151

Other

 

280

 

289

 

 

23,317

 

23,442

The impairment test for recognized goodwill is based on value in use. Recoverability is not affected by a variation in the growth forecast with respect to the perpetual annuity or in the discount rate of +/−0.5 percentage points.

Research and development costs developed as follows:

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€ million

 

2018

 

2017

 

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total research and development costs

 

13,640

 

13,141

 

3.8

of which: capitalized development costs

 

5,234

 

5,260

 

−0.5

Capitalization ratio in %

 

38.4

 

40.0

 

Amortization of capitalized development costs

 

3,710

 

3,734

 

−0.6

Research and development costs recognized in profit or loss

 

12,116

 

11,614

 

4.3